|
|
The problematics of Kosovo and Crimea from International Law point of view
Fejfar, Jakub ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Landovský, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with the international legal aspects of secession and the right to self-determination of nations. This issue will be presented in more detail on the cases of Kosovo and the Crimea. The aim of the thesis is to clarify the problems of Kosovo and the Crimea using the terminology of international law. In this paper, we will try to find answers to two research questions and whether it is possible to apply the conclusions of the MSD opinion on the independence of Kosovo in the case of the Crimea? Furthermore, whether there has been a violation of international law by the Russian authorities in the Crimea? The thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first are used the concepts of international law. In the second chapter, the notion of Art Nouveau and the development of the principle of the right to self-determination are theoretically defined in their present form. The third chapter is then focused on Kosovo. The greatest attention will be paid to the declaration of independence in 2008 and, in particular, to that of the International Court of Justice in 2010. In the fourth chapter, we will focus on the international legal issues of the events in the Crimea. The key part will be the assessment of the consequences of the declaration of the independence of the Crimea and its subsequent...
|
|
|
The Harper Government, the Aboriginal Right to Self-Determination, and the Indian Act of 1876
Onderková, Kristýna ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Anděl, Petr (referee)
In its relatively unchanged form and effective for nearly 140 years the Indian Act of 1876 is the basic law governing the rights and responsibilities of First Nations and their status within Canada. The law protects the special status of Indigenous groups in Canadian society albeit it has been criticized as discriminatory. Voices calling for change of the legislation are growing stronger with the deepening socio-economic problems of Aboriginal peoples. First Nations primarily require the assertion of their constitutional right to self-determination in any future reform. In contrast, the current Conservative government of Stephen Harper emphasizes self- sufficiency and financial responsibility of Native peoples. Legislative actions that Conservatives rarely consult with representatives of the Indigenous peoples themselves correspond to the general priorities of the Harper Government based on the principles of market economy and do not reflect the demands for self-determination and self-government of Indigenous communities. The Idle No More protest movement founded in 2012 in reaction to some of Harper's laws pertaining to Aboriginal peoples fights for their rights and environmental protection inextricably linked with their identity. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze different perspectives on...
|
|
|
Separatist conflict: comparative study of Sri Lanka and Aceh, Indonesia
Bartošová, Kateřina ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of the master thesis is to determine factors that contribute to peace settlement of separatist conflicts. It compares two separatist conflicts with different forms of termination. The Indonesian government signed a peace agreement with separatists in province of Aceh and offered them greater autonomy, whereas the government of Sri Lanka decided on military suppression of Tamil separatists. The analysis of the conflicts is based on six factors that are built on the study of Barbara Walter about the concept of reputation building. According to the concept, governments are less likely to go for peace settlement when facing more imperilling separatist groups, seeing that governments have to invest in reputation building. The comparative case study is based on following factors: potential future separatists, value of land currently under dispute, proportion of total population and territory, balance of power between separatists and government, political system with focus on democracy, degree of centralization/ federalism. The evidence seems to be strong that the theory of reputation building does not apply to selected cases because the peace settlement was achieved in Indonesia which has far more potential separatist groups than Sri Lanka. In conclusion, the thesis identifies following factors...
|
|
| |
|
|
Unilateral secession in international law
Chowdhary, Chetan ; Lipovský, Milan (advisor) ; Pulgret, Miroslav (referee)
4 Bibliographic note CHOWDHARY Chetan, Unilateral Secession in International Law: The cases of Kashmir and Catalonia, 84 p. Master thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of International Relations. Supervisor: JUDr. Milan Lipovsky, Ph.D. Abstract: In the recent times, unilateral secession in International Law has come under widespread discussion with the major issues revolving around the circumstances under which a minority group or sub-state can secede from the state incorporating it. The study focuses on the principles of self-determination, an important factor to secede from a state over which international law has an ambiguous stand. International Law regards unilateral secession to be legal only in the aspects of decolonization as a last resort, that is one of the reasons why Kosovo remains unrecognized by the United Nations. The study focuses on two important cases i.e. Kashmir and Catalonia and compares them with Kosovo and Western Sahara respectively to understand the stance of International law on their demands for secession. The examination of these cases reveals that historical violence and injustice are not the only factors influencing the secessionist demands in Kashmir; similarly, the reasons for the demand for secession in Catalonia extend beyond collective identity...
|
|
|
Geopolitics of non-sovereign entities
Dařílek, Petr ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Kofroň, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of non-self-governing territories in a geopolitical aspect. Non-self-governing territories are such which can be found on a specific list created and administered by the United Nations and are considered to be the last remaining official colonies. The list consists of 17 different territories which vary in geographical location, population, size, climate, administrator country, but also political system or administration. Among the best known of these territories are Gibraltar, Western Sahara or the Falkland Islands, but most of the non-self-governing territories are islands in the Caribbean or in the Pacific. A long-term vision of the United Nations is to decolonize all of these territories. This study sets as its goal to explain and also analyze the geopolitical importance of each territory, and its position to the decolonization efforts of the United Nations.
|
|
|
The problematics of Kosovo and Crimea from International Law point of view
Fejfar, Jakub ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Landovský, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with the international legal aspects of secession and the right to self-determination of nations. This issue will be presented in more detail on the cases of Kosovo and the Crimea. The aim of the thesis is to clarify the problems of Kosovo and the Crimea using the terminology of international law. In this paper, we will try to find answers to two research questions and whether it is possible to apply the conclusions of the MSD opinion on the independence of Kosovo in the case of the Crimea? Furthermore, whether there has been a violation of international law by the Russian authorities in the Crimea? The thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first are used the concepts of international law. In the second chapter, the notion of Art Nouveau and the development of the principle of the right to self-determination are theoretically defined in their present form. The third chapter is then focused on Kosovo. The greatest attention will be paid to the declaration of independence in 2008 and, in particular, to that of the International Court of Justice in 2010. In the fourth chapter, we will focus on the international legal issues of the events in the Crimea. The key part will be the assessment of the consequences of the declaration of the independence of the Crimea and its subsequent...
|
|
|
Stateless Nations in the European Union
Štoudek, Marek ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
Národy bez státu jsou celosvětovou mezinárodní problematikou, jejichž úsilí může budoucnosti signifikantně pozměnit politickou mapu světa. Ačkoliv evropské hranice, a především ty západoevropské zůstávají v posledních letech neměnné, tak i v unie můžeme nalézt mnoho případů takzvaných národů bez státu. Procesy utváření národní identity jednotlivých zkoumaných národů, jejich společná historie, geografické a socioekonomické aspekty či institucionální a stranické systémy, to vše je zahrnuto této diplomové práci zkoumám konkrétní případy za pomoci teoretických konceptů širokého spektra odborníků. V první řadě bylo nezbytné definovat pojem národ spojené termíny, jako například nacionalismus. Mezi další studované koncepty patří stát, právo na sebeurčení, regionalismus a secesionismus. Jednotlivé teoretické bloky jsou poté využity v případových studiích, které se zabývají výše zmíněnými příp Konkrétní případové studie jednotlivých národů spadajících do států v druhé části práce. Každý národ je zkoumán samostatně a obsahuje vlastní závěry. Hlavním úkolem je nalézt secesionistický potenciál jednotlivých národů a vytvořit určitou predikci možného dělení evropských států. V závěrečné části práce proběhne komparace podobností a odlišností jednotlivých případů, načež je zakončena již zmíněnou
|
|
|
The Status of Palestinian Refugees and Their Right to Return in International Law
Hanko, Jitka ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Bílková, Veronika (referee) ; Jílek, Dalibor (referee)
The situation of Palestinian refugees is one of the most burning issues related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Its solution is at the same time one of the key conditions for the settlement of this conflict, whose beginning may be traced back already in connection with the first alija - the first wave of Jewish immigration after the anti - Semitic pogroms in 1881. The importance of this problem is confirmed e.g. by the text of the Resolution 242 (S/RES/242) of 1967, which considers the upright solution for Palestinian refugees as one of the prerequisites for lasting peace in the Middle East. This question has been subject of many peace negotiations between the representatives of the concerned states lately, which only illustrates the high international topicality of the given problem. The aim of the dissertation is to define the term Palestinian refugee in the historic, political and legal context and in this connection to determine the position of Palestinian refugees in international law as an initial point, which is followed by the international law analysis of their right to return. First part of the study therefore will try to make a systematic overview in the extent of the term Palestinian refugee. The second part of the dissertation analyses the right of return in the general level and then...
|
|
|
The Harper Government, the Aboriginal Right to Self-Determination, and the Indian Act of 1876
Onderková, Kristýna ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Anděl, Petr (referee) ; Kýrová, Lucie (referee)
A debate on the reform of the frequently criticized Indian Act of 1876 - the basic law governing the rights and responsibilities of First Nations and their special status within Canada - has been getting more intense with the ongoing socio-economic problems of Aboriginal peoples. Whereas the previous Canadian government of Stephen Harper emphasized self-sufficiency and financial responsibility, First Nations have required the assertion of their constitutional rights to self-determination and self-government in any reform. This piece of work examines various proposals to reform the Indian Act and their potential effect on the status of First Nations. It focuses on Aboriginal policy stances of the Harper Government and the First Nations' reaction to the federal government's approach. In particular, it analyzes the ideas and demands of the Idle No More protest movement that emerged in response to some of the legislative proposals of the Harper Government. The author concludes by arguing that any effort to change the unfavorable situation of Aboriginal peoples in Canada would run into problems because of the discrepancy of ideas of the Conservative Government and First Nations on how to implement the reform of the Indian Act and how to enforce the right to self- determination.
|
guest ::
